Noble Metals and Biological Systems examines the relationship between noble metals (gold, silver, and platinum group metals) and biological systems. The book is divided into three parts.Part 1 is concerned with the analytical chemistry of noble metals and includes a description of the latest methods of analysis. Part 2 describes such topics as ecology and environmental science of noble metals as they pertain to biogeochemical exploration, noble metals in hair, the environmental geochemistry of palladium, microorganisms and noble metals, animals and noble metals, and a general survey of noble metals in the environment. Coverage is comprehensive and includes information regarding the use of dogs and termites as field assistants in mineral prospecting, as well as the fascinating story of the "gold bug", a microorganism that plates itself with gold. Part 3 is devoted entirely to noble metals in the treatment of disease and includes chapters describing the use of osmium and gold for arthritis treatment, silver as a bactericide, and platinum and ruthenium as anticancer agents. Noble Metals and Biological Systems will provide fascinating reading for applied geochemists, environmentalists, public health specialists, ecologists, microbiologists, clinical biochemists, oncologists, and specialists in rheumatic diseases.
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This digital document is a journal article from Global and Planetary Change, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.Description: In an effort to better understand vivianite formation processes, four Lake Baikal sediment cores spanning two to four interglacial stages in the northern, central and southern basins and under various biogeochemical environments are scrutinized. The vivianite-rich layers were detected by anomalous P-enrichments in bulk geochemistry and visually by observations on X-radiographs. The millimetric concretions of vivianite were isolated by sieving and analysed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), microprobe, infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry (ICP-AES, ICP-MS). All the vivianites display similar morphological, mineralogical and geochemical signature, suggesting a common diagenetic origin. Their geochemical signature is sensitive to secondary alteration where vivianite concretions are gradually transformed from the rim to the center into an amorphous santabarbaraite phase with a decreasing Mn content. We analysed the spatial and temporal distribution of the concretions in order to determine the primary parameters controlling the vivianite formation, e.g., lithology, sedimentation rates, and porewater chemistry. We conclude that vivianite formation in Lake Baikal is mainly controlled by porewater chemistry and sedimentation rates, and it is not a proxy for lacustrine paleoproductivity. Vivianite accumulation is not restricted to areas of slow sedimentation rates (e.g., Academician and Continent ridges). At the site of relatively fast sedimentation rate, i.e., the Posolsky Bank near the Selenga Delta, vivianite production may be more or less related to the Selenga River inputs. It could be also indirectly related to the past intensive methane escapes from the sediments. While reflecting an early diagenetic signal, the source of P and Fe porewater for vivianites genesis is still unclear.
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This second volume in the Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research series deals mainly with physical and geochemical analytical techniques used in paleolimnology. Other volumes deal with the acquisition and archiving of cores, chronological techniques, and large-scale basin analysis methods (Volume 1), biological techniques (Volumes 3 & 4), and statistical and data handling methods (Volume 5). These monographs provide sufficient detail and breadth to be useful handbooks for both seasoned practitioners as well as newcomers to the area of paleolimnology. Although the chapters in these volumes target mainly lacustrine settings, many of the techniques described can also be readily applied to fluvial, glacial, marine, estuarine, and peatland environments.
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This digital document is a journal article from Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.Description: The Upper Triassic of the Lagonegro Basin (southern Apennines, southern Italy) is represented by hemipelagic cherty limestones of the Calcari con Selce Formation, deposited in an oceanic setting. Two stratigraphic sections (Petina Chiana and Pignola 2), representative of the evolution of the Lagonegro Basin during the Carnian, have been studied in detail with a multidisciplinary approach. In the Pignola 2 section, within the Calcari con Selce Formation, a unique interval composed of green shales and radiolarites has been identified. The absence of carbonate deposition within this interval is interpreted as evidence of a contemporaneous shallowing of the Carbonate Compensation Depth. Conodont and palynomorph biostratigraphy constrain the age of this interval to the Julian/Tuvalian (lower Carnian/upper Carnian) boundary. The age and characteristics of this interval suggest correlation with a putative climatic event, known as the ''Carnian Pluvial Event'', which has also been recognized in continental and shallow-marine successions from different European localities. This event is thus now documented also in a deep-marine setting. Like the continental and shallow-water settings, it is characterized by a sudden input of siliciclastics. Petina Chiana and Pignola 2 integrate current knowledge of the Carnian distribution of conodonts. Paragondolella praelindae Kozur, to date known only from the lower Tuvalian, has now been documented from the uppermost Julian. Moreover, a drastic turnover was recorded between Julian and Tuvalian conodont assemblages, which is clearly associated with the Carnian Pluvial Event. Thus, a biotic crisis, oceanographic changes associated with the rise of the Carbonate Compensation Depth, increased rainfall, and an anomalous siliciclastic input occur contemporaneously at the time of the Carnian Pluvial Event. A similar pattern is associated with perturbations of the carbon cycle that occur during the Jurassic and Cretaceous (e.g., in the early Aptian); thus, it is hypothesized that the Carnian Pluvial Event may have analogous causes.
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